With digital business transformation requiring significant investment, analyst Gartner has identified the “top ten ways” to fund the shift
According to Gartner's 2017 CEO survey, 42% of the 400 CEOs questioned are now taking a “digital-first” approach to business change or taking digital “to the core” of their enterprise model. To fund digital initiatives, CEOs say the largest bulk of money comes from self-funding, rather than existing budgets, as they see the primary purpose of digital initiatives to win revenue rather than to save on costs.
"This should give CIOs pause for thought, given conventional IT management works mostly on the basis of using operating budgets," said Andy Rowsell-Jones, an analyst at Gartner.
"Transformation requires commitment, leadership, strategy, technology, innovation and, importantly, money," Rowsell-Jones said. "This year and next are likely to be the optimal timing points of overlap between the business cycle and the tide of digital business change. In two years' time, the rising cost of capital could make strategic investment more expensive, and playing digital catch-up is harder."
The top 10 ways to fund the shift to digital business are:
1) Internal self-funding: digital revenue pays
This will only work for short-term projects to gain immediate revenue returns, such as for digital marketing campaigns or price-elevating digital product features. This approach needs clear revenue attribution and is good for continuous, incremental growth, but will not work for disruptive market change.
2) Within existing budgets
It can work for relatively superficial digital business change over two to three years, if budgets are healthy, already generous and need trimming. It is not good for rapid transformation as it might throttle existing business.
3) Investment from reserves
Reserves are the part of profit set aside for internal reinvestment to help the business in tough times, which digital disruption and market loss might fit under. If reserves are healthy, it might accelerate digital transformation with low financial impact on current operations.
4) Increase relevant budgets and cut others
This option requires a very clear understanding of how digital business growth will substitute heritage business slowdown. It is useful if digital business is recognisable and deliverable in the same corporate structure to the same customer base, but not appropriate for adjacency moves or radical industry reinvention.
5) Increase relevant budgets and cut profits
Relevant to deep, multi-year strategic change, requiring clear and careful explanation to investors. It may be easier if a disruptive, threatening competitor makes the transformation need more obvious to all, or for private or family-held companies with long-term planning horizons and fewer owners to convince.
6) New bond or equity capital from investors
If digital transformation requires heavy, multi-year investment, fresh capital may need to be raised. Smaller companies with faster growth rates can raise equity capital from investors by issuing more shares. Larger mature companies with strong reputations can raise debt capital by issuing more corporate bonds.
7) Borrow capital from lenders
Loan capital is typically shorter term, more tactically arranged and helps bridge gaps arising from digital transformation. It is usually only available for conventionally describable, measured risk situations, rather than for speculative entrepreneurial action or situations of industry reinvention.
8) Off balance sheet entries
Another option is to place all or part of the new digital product, service or activity in a separate company shell with investors, benefiting "risky" or "unusual" experiments. This is useful for "farming" digital ecosystems and start-ups by working with VCs and incubators as co-founders, as well as for industry consortiums.
9) Divestitures
When digital disruption is serious in an industry, one strategy can be to sell legacy business units early to buyers that are happy to run them in their declining years. The capital receipts from divestitures can then be used to help fund the growing new digital business ventures and revenue streams.
10) Asset disposals
Some assets that were useful in the past but have less relevance in digital business may have a market value to others. Cycling out old physical assets to pay for digital growth can work where "dematerialisation" is in play.